b

Move backwards to the beginning of a word.

e

Move to the end of a word.

G

If a numeric argument n is given, move the cursor to position n . If no argument is specified, set the position to the end of the buffer. The first byte in the buffer is at position `0', so the command to move to the beginning of the buffer is `0G'.

Control-G

Display the buffer name, size, status and the current position at the bottom line.

h j k l

Move the cursor.  The arrow keys work as well.  The numeric argument (if specified) determines the number rows or columns the cursor will move. Different from vi : the cursor can be positioned behind the last byte in the buffer.

i

Enter Insert Mode (see below) at the current position of the point.  If a numeric argument n is given, the typed text will be inserted n times. Note: Moving the cursor (using the arrow keys) will discard the numeric argument.

n

Move to the next match using the current RE.  This is equivalent to typing `/', <Return>.

N

Move to the previous match using the current RE.  This is equivalent to typing `?', <Return>.

Control-O

Paste over.  Copy the kill buffer to the current position overwriting the contents of the current buffer.  If a numeric argument n is given, the kill buffer is pasted n times.

p

Paste.  Insert the kill buffer at the current position.  If a numeric argument n is given, the kill buffer is pasted n times.

r

Replace a single byte using the "Replace Mode" . If an area is selected, all bytes in the selected area are replaced. If a numeric argument is given, the specified number of bytes is replaced.

R

Enter Replace Mode (see below).  If a numeric argument n is given, the replace command is repeated n times. Note: Moving the cursor (using the arrow keys) will discard the numeric argument.

Control-R

Redo the last undo.

u

Undo the last change to the current buffer. Whenever possible hexer creates a file in the current directory (the swapfile ) for each buffer visited (where name is the name of the buffer).  All changes made to the buffer name are stored in that file, so it is possible to undo (and redo) all changes made to the buffer.  If the swapfile can't be created, the undo list is stored in the memory.

v

Enter Visual Mode (see below).  Visual selection of areas.

w

Move forward to the beginning of a word.

x

Delete the byte under the cursor.  If a numeric argument n is given, n bytes are deleted. In "Visual Mode" , the selected area is deleted. Note: The bytes deleted using the x -command are not copied to the kill buffer.

Control-X

The same as the x -command, but the bytes deleted are copied to the kill buffer.

y

Yank.  Yank the byte under the cursor into the kill buffer.  If a numeric argument n is given, n bytes are yanked into the kill buffer. In "Visual Mode" , the selected area is copied to the kill buffer.

zb

Place the cursor in the bottom line of the screen.

zt

Place the cursor in the top line of the screen.

zz

Place the cursor in the middle line of the screen.
Note that the commands zb , " zt" and zz don't change the position in the file - only the screen is scrolled (if necessary).

:

Enter Exh Mode (see below).  The Exh Mode is similar to the ex -mode in vi , but not compatible.  If an area is selected, the bounds of the selection are copied to the command line.

/

Search forward through the buffer using a RE ( "regular expression" ). If no RE is specified, the RE given in the previous / - or ? -command is reused.
Note: The RE s in hexer are a little bit different from regular expressions in vi (see section "REGULAR EXPRESSIONS" ).

?

Search reverse using a regular expression.

.

Repeat the last change to the buffer "at the current position" . This means that if the previous command deleted n bytes and replaced them by m other bytes or m may be zero), the . -command will do exactly the same at the current position in the file.

<

Shift the hex column left n bytes, where n is the (optional) numeric argument.  Note that the < -command only changes the way the buffer is displayed in the hex column, the buffer itself is kept unchanged.

>

Shift the hex column right n bytes.

Control-^

Switch to the alternate buffer (see below).

%

Enter a calculator command (see section CALCULATOR ).

: area command arguments

Perform the command command on the area area .

: command arguments

Perform the command command at the current position.

: area

Select the area area .

: position

Move the cursor to position position . An area may be defined as:

position1,position2

The area starts at position1 and ends at position2 (inclusive).

position

The area selects one byte at position

%

The area selects the entire buffer. A position may be defined as:

offset

A decimal, octal (prefixed with `0') or hex (prefixed with `0x') number.

.

The beginning of the buffer.

$

The end of the buffer.

/ regexp /

A regular expression (see section "REGULAR EXPRESSIONS" ). The buffer is searched forward starting at the current position.  If a match was found, the current position is set to the position of the match.

? regexp ?

The buffer is searched reverse. Commands may be abbreviated with a unique prefix of the command, some commands may be abbreviated with a single character, even if that character isn't a unique prefix of the command name. Currently the following commands are supported:

s, substitute

Synopsis: area s / regexp / replace / flags
Search for the regular expression regexp and replace it with replace (see section "REGULAR EXPRESSIONS" ). replace may contain `\' references to subexpressions of regexp . flags :

w, write

Synopsis: area w filename
Write area to the file filename . If area is omitted. the whole buffer is written to the file, if filename is omitted, the filename associated with the buffer is used.

r, read

Synopsis: position r filename
Insert the contents of the file filename at position . If position is omitted, the current position is used.

e, edit

Synopsis: e name or: e #
Change to buffer name . If there is no such buffer, hexer tries to open a file named name and load it into a new buffer.  If name is a hash sign the alternate buffer is selected.  On success the current buffer becomes the alternate buffer.

b, buffer

Synopsis: b name
or: b
Change to buffer name . On success the current buffer becomes the alternate buffer.  If name is omitted, a list of all buffers is displayed.

n, next

Select the next buffer in the buffer list.

N, previous

Select the previous buffer in th buffer list.

S, skip

Select the next unvisited buffer in the buffer list.

rewind

Select the first buffer in the buffer list.

wall

Write all unsaved buffers.

c, close

Synopsis: c name
or: c! name
or: c
or: c!
Close the buffer name . If name is omitted, the current buffer is closed.  If the buffer has been modified, but not saved, it can't be closed using a :c -command; use :c! to override.

h, help

View an online help text.

q, quit

Synopsis: q name
or: q! name
or: q
or: q!
Close all buffers and exit the editor.  If an opened buffer has bee modified, but not saved, the :q -command can't be performed; use :q! to override.

map

imap

vmap

Synopsis: map from to
or: imap from to
or: vmap from to
The key sequence from is mapped to to . To enter special keys (e.g. function keys), mask them using "Control-V" . :map affects the Command Mode only, :imap affects the Insert Mode only and :vmap affects the Visual Mode only.  It is not possible to re-map key sequences on the command line editor.

unmap

iunmap

vunmap

Synopsis: unmap from
or: iunmap from
or: vunmap from
Delete a key mapping created with :map , " :imap" or :vmap .

set

Synopsis: set variable [...]
or: set variable = value [...]
or: set no variable [...]
or: set
There are not too many variables that could be modified, this might change though.  The following variables can be used: iso (bool):  display the whole ISO-8859/1 character set; ascii (bool):  display ASCII characters only; TERM (string):  the name of the terminal; maxmatch (number), specialnl (bool): see section "REGULAR EXPRESSIONS" . :set called without an argument lists all variables and values.

d, delete

Synopsis: area d
Delete all bytes in area . The deleted bytes are copied to the kill buffer.

y, yank

Synopsis: area y
Copy the bytes in area to the kill buffer.

version

Display the version number of hexer .

zz

Place the cursor in the middle line of the screen.  Note that the screen is scrolled (if necessary); the cursor position is kept unchanged.

zt

Place the cursor in the top line of the screen.

zb

Place the cursor in the bottom line of the screen.

wq

The same as :x .

x, exit

Save all buffers and exit the editor. If a command is called and can't use the given positions, areas or arguments, the additional positions, areas, arguments are ignored.
Conditional commands: It is possible to specify a list of terminal names for which the given command should be executed. The syntax is:

where terminals is a colon-separated list of terminal names.  The command is executed if and only if the value of TERM is in the list.  I.e. you could have a command like in your .hexerrc -file (use the ISO character set only if working on an xterm).

Arrow Keys

Move the cursor.

Control-F

Move forward one page.

Control-B

Move back one page.

Control-D

Move forward half a page.

Control-U

Move back half a page.